You should not have to trust an archive. You should be able to check it. A cryptographic hash makes that possible in about two minutes with software already on your computer.

The Steps

  1. 1
    Download the source document

    Use the “Open public source file” link on any evidence page. Save it without renaming or re-saving through a PDF viewer, which can alter bytes.

  2. 2
    Open a terminal or command prompt

    On Windows, use Command Prompt or PowerShell. On macOS, use Terminal. On Linux, any shell.

  3. 3
    Run the hash command

    macOS or Linux: shasum -a 256 filename.pdf — or sha256sum filename.pdf. Windows: certutil -hashfile filename.pdf SHA256

  4. 4
    Compare to the published manifest

    Open the source manifest and find the line for that file. Compare the full 64-character value, not just the first few characters.

  5. 5
    Interpret the result

    Identical values mean the file has not changed since it was hashed. Different values mean something differs — most often a re-save by a PDF viewer, so re-download before concluding anything.

What the Record Shows

  • Hash verification proves integrity, not provenance. It shows the file has not changed; the source of the underlying document is established separately by its production history.
  • The publication standard governing every document on this site is set out in the source-of-truth standard.

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